Mechanical Properties of Wood

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Mecanical Properties of Woods

If you want to add a wood of your choice to the Parametric Bow Program , E-mail us the Common Species name with it's Mechanical Properties, Minimum requested (maximum: 12% of Moisture content, Modulus of elasticity & Compression parallel to grain) , and the references where you found those Mechanical Properties. I will then add this page to the Parametric Bow Program. (Those who hold a licence will receive a free update) See last update

The Mechanical Properties of new wood will be rigorously checked before being updated.

Common species names	Specific gravity	Modulus of rupture (psi)	Modulus of elasticity x10 6 (psi)	work to maximum load…….. in-lbf/in 3	impact bending (in)	Compression parallel to grain (psi)	Compression perpendicular to grain (psi)	Shear parallel to grain (psi)	Tension perpendicular to grain (psi)	side hardness (lbf)
Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata)	.61	18400	1,94	18.4		9940		2090		1560
Albarco (Cariniana spp.)	0.48	14500	1,5	13.8		6820		2310		1020
Alder, red	0.41	9800	1,38	8.4	20	5820	440	1080	420	590
Andiroba (Carapa guianensis)	—	15500	2	14		8120		1510		1130
Angelin (Andira inermis)	0.65	18000	2,49	—		9200		1840		1750
Angelique (Dicorynia guianensis)	—	12400	2,19	15.2		8770		1660		1290
Ash Black	0.49	12600	1,6	14.9	35	5970	760	1570	700	850
Ash Blue	0.58	13800	1,4	14.4	—	6980	1420	2030	—	—
Ash Green	0.56	14100	1,66	13.4	32	7080	1310	1910	700	1200
Ash Oregon	0.55	12700	1,36	14.4	33	6040	1250	1790	720	1160
Ash White	0.60	15000	1,74	16.6	43	7410	1160	1910	940	1320
Aspen Bigtooth	0.39	9100	1,43	7.7	—	5300	450	1080	—	—
Aspen Quaking	0.38	8400	1,18	7.6	21	4250	370	850	260	350
Avodire (Turraeanthus africanus)	0,48	12700	1,49	9.4		7150		2030		1080
Azobe (Lophira alata)	0.87	24500	2,47	—		12600		2960		3350
Baldcypress	0.46	10600	1,44	8.2	24	6360	730	1000	270	510
Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)	0.16	3140	0,49	2.1		2160		300		—
Banak (Virola spp.)	—	10900	2,04	10		5140		980		510
Basswood American	0,37	8700	1,46	7.2	16	4730	370	990	350	410
Beech, American	0.64	14900	1,72	15.1	41	7300	1010	2010	1010	1300
Benge (Guibourtia arnoldiana)	0.65	21400	2,04	—		11400		2090		1750
Birch Paper	0.55	12300	1,59	16.0	34	5690	600	1210	—	910
Birch Sweet	0.65	16900	2,17	18.0	47	8540	1080	2240	950	1470
Birch Yellow	0.62	16600	2,01	20.8	55	8170	970	1880	920	1260
Bubinga (Guibourtia spp.)	0.71	22600	2,48	—		10500		3110		2690
Bulletwood (Manilkara bidentata)	0,85	27300	3,45	28.5		11640		2500		3190
Butternut	0.38	8100	1,18	8.2	24	5110	460	1170	440	490
Cativo (Prioria copaifera)	—	8600	1,11	7.2		4290		1060		630
Cedar Atlantic white	0.32	6800	0,93	4.1	13	4700	410	800	220	350
Cedar Eastern redcedar	0.47	8800	0,88	8.3	22	6020	920	1010	—	—
Cedar Incense	0.37	8000	1,04	5.4	17	5200	590	880	270	470
Cedar Northern White	0.31	6500	0,8	4.8	12	3960	310	850	240	320
Cedar Port-Orford	0.43	12700	1,7	9.1	28	6250	720	1370	400	630
Cedar Western redcedar	0.32	7500	1,11	5.8	17	4560	460	990	220	350
Cedar Yellow Green	0.44	11100	1,42	10.4	29	6310	620	1130	360	580
Ceiba (Ceiba pentandra)	0.25	4300	0,54	2.8		2380		550		240
Cherry black	0.50	12300	1,49	11.4	29	7110	690	1700	560	950
Chestnut American	0.43	8600	1,23	6.5	19	5320	620	1080	460	540
Cottonwood Balsam poplar	0.34	6800	1,1	5.0	—	4020	300	790	—	—
Cottonwood Black	0.35	8500	1,27	6.7	22	4500	300	1040	330	350
Cottonwood Eastern	0.40	8500	1,37	7.4	20	4910	380	930	580	430
Courbaril (Hymenaea courbaril)	—	19400	2,16	17.6		9510		2470		2,35
Cuangare (Dialyanthera spp.)	0.31	7300	1,52	—		4760		830		380
Cypress Mexican (Cupressus lustianica)	0.93	10300	1,02	—		5380		1580		460
Degame (Calycophyllum candidissimum)	0,67	22300	2,27	27		9670		2120		1940
Determa (Ocotea rubra)	0.52	10500	1,82	6.4		5800		980		660
Douglas-fird Coast	0.48	12400	1,95	9.9	31	7230	800	1130	340	710
Douglas-fird Interior North	0.48	13100	1,79	10.5	26	6900	770	1400	390	600
Douglas-fird Interior South	0.46	11900	1,49	9.0	20	6230	740	1510	330	510
Douglas-fird Interior West	0.50	12600	1,83	10.6	32	7430	760	1290	350	660
Ekop (Tetraberlinia tubmaniana)	0,6	16700	2,21	—		9010		1900		—
Elm American	0.50	11800	1,34	13.0	39	5520	690	1510	660	830
Elm Rock	0.63	14800	1,54	19.2	56	7050	1230	1920	—	1320
Elm Slippery	0.53	13000	1,49	16.9	45	6360	820	1630	530	860
Fir Balsam	0.35	9200	1,45	5.1	20	5280	404	944	180	400
Fir California red	0.38	10500	1,5	8.9	24	5460	610	1040	390	500
Fir Grand	0.37	8900	1,57	7.5	28	5290	500	900	240	490
Fir Noble Green	0.39	10700	1,72	8.8	23	6100	520	1050	220	410
Fir Pacific silver	0.43	11000	1,76	9.3	24	6410	450	1220	—	430
Fir Subalpine	0.32	8600	1,29	—	—	4860	390	1070	—	350
Fir white	0.39	9800	1,5	7.2	20	5800	530	1100	300	480
Goncalo alves (Astronium graveolens)	—	16600	2,23	10.4		10320		1960		2160
Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)	0,8	24900	3,25	25.3		12510		2620		2350
Hackberry	0.53	11000	1,19	12.8	43	5440	890	1590	580	880
Hemlock Eastern	0.40	8900	1,2	6.8	21	5410	650	1060	—	500
Hemlock Mountain	0.45	11500	1,33	10.4	32	6440	860	1540	—	680
Hemlock Western	0.45	11300	1,63	8.3	23	7200	550	1290	340	540
Hickory pecan	0.66	13700	1,73	13.8	44	7850	1720	2080	—	1820
Hickory pecan Bitternut	0.66	17100	1,79	18.2	66	9040	1680	1240	—	—
Hickory pecan Nutmeg	0.60	16600	1,7	25.1	—	6910	1570	1030	—	—
Hickory pecan Water	0.62	17800	2,02	19.3	53	8600	1550	1480	—	—
Hickory true Mockernut	0.72	19200	2,22	22.6	77	8940	1730	1740	—	—
Hickory true Pignut	0.75	20100	2,26	30.4	74	9190	1980	2150	—	—
Hickory true Shagbark	0.72	20200	2,16	25.8	67	9210	1760	2430	—	—
Hickory true Shellbark	0.69	18100	1,89	23.6	88	8000	1800	2110	—	—
Honeylocust	—	14700	1,63	13.3	47	7500	1840	2250	900	1580
Hura (Hura crepitans)	0.38	8700	1,17	6.7		4800		1080		550
Ipe (Tabebuia spp.,lapacho group)	0,92	25400	3,14	22		13010		2060		3680
Iroko (Chlorophora spp.)	0.54	12400	1,46	9		7590		1800		1260
Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)	—	16200	1,88	—		8870		2130		1910
Jelutong (Dyera costulata)	0.36	7300	1,18	6.4		3920		840		390
Kaneelhart (Licaria spp.)	0.96	29900	4,06	17.5		17400		1970		2900
Kapur (Dryobalanops spp.)	0.64	18300	1,88	18.8		10090		1990		1230
Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)	0.82	20160	2,6	25.4		10800		2420		2040
Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis)	0,71	17700	2,69	15.3		9520		1790		1710
Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.)	0.69	19900	2,07	23.5		10500		2070		1270
Larch, western	0.52	13000	1,87	12.6	35	7620	930	1360	430	830
Limba (Terminalia superba)	0.38	8800	1,01	8.9		4730		1410		490
llomba (Pycnanthus angolensis)	0,4	9900	1,59	—		5550		1290		610
Locust, black	0.69	19400	2,05	18.4	57	10180	1830	2480	640	1700
Macawood (Platymiscium spp.)	0,94	27600	3,2	—		16100		2540		3150
Magnolia Cucumbertree	0.48	12300	1,82	12.2	35	6310	570	1340	660	700
Magnolia Southern	0.50	11200	1,4	12.8	29	5460	860	1530	740	1020
Mahogany African (Khaya spp.)	0,42	10700	1,4	8.3		6460		1500		830
Mahogany true (Swietenia macrophylla)	—	11500	1,5	7,5		6780		1230		800
Manbarklak (Eschweilera spp.)	0,87	26500	3,4	33.3		11210		2070		3480
Manni (Symphonia globulifera)	0.58	16900	2,46	16.5		8820		1420		1120
Maple Bigleaf	0.48	10700	1,45	7.8	28	5950	750	1730	540	850
Maple Black	0.57	13300	1,62	12.5	40	6680	1020	1820	670	1180
Maple Red	0.54	13400	1,64	12.5	32	6540	1000	1850	—	950
Maple Silver	0.47	8900	1,14	8.3	25	5220	740	1480	500	700
Maple Sugar	0.63	15800	1,83	16.5	39	7830	1470	2330	—	1450
Marishballi (Lincania spp.)	0.88	27700	3,34	14.2		13390		1750		3570
Merbau (Intsia spp.)	—	16800	2,23	14.8		8440		1810		1500
Mersawa (Anisoptera spp.)	0.52	13800	2,28	—		7370		890		1290
Mora (Mora spp.)	0.78	22100	2,96	18.5		11840		1900		2300
Oak white Bur	0.64	10300	1,03	9.8	29	6060	1200	1820	680	1370
Oak white Chestnut	0.66	13300	1,59	11.0	40	6830	840	1490	—	1130
Oak white Live	0.88	18400	1,98	18.9	—	890	2840	2660	—	—
Oak white Overcup	0.63	12600	1,42	15.7	38	6200	810	2000	940	1190
Oak white Post	0.67	13200	1,51	13.2	46	6600	1430	1840	780	1360
Oak white Swamp chestnut	0.67	13900	1,77	12.0	41	7270	1110	1990	690	1240
Oak white Swamp white	0.72	17700	2,05	19.2	49	8600	1190	2000	830	1620
Oak white White	0.68	15200	1,78	14.8	37	7440	1070	2000	800	1360
Oak, red Black	0.61	13900	1,64	13.7	41	6520	930	1910	—	1210
Oak, red Cherrybark	0.68	18100	2,28	18.3	49	8740	1250	2000	840	1480
Oak, red Laurel	0.63	12600	1,69	11.8	39	6980	1060	1830	790	1210
Oak, red Northern red	0.63	14300	1,82	14.5	43	6760	1010	1780	800	1290
Oak, red Pin	0.63	14000	1,73	14.8	45	6820	1020	2080	1050	1510
Oak, red Scarlet	0.67	17400	1,91	20.5	53	8330	1120	1890	870	1400
Oak, red Southern red	0.59	10900	1,49	9.4	26	6090	870	1390	510	1060
Oak, red Water	0.63	15400	2,02	21.5	44	6770	1020	2020	920	1190
Oak, red willow	0.69	14500	1,9	14.6	42	7040	1130	1650	—	1460
Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon)	0,3	7400	0,86	6.9		3930		990		430
Okoume (Aucoumea klaineana)	0,33	7400	1,14	—		3970		970		380
Opepe (Nauclea diderrichii)	0.63	17400	1,94	14.4		10400		2480		1630
Para-angelim (Hymenolobium excelsum)	0.63	17600	2,05	15.9		8990		2010		1720
Parana-pine (Araucaria augustifolia)	—	13500	1,61	12.2		7660		1730		780
Peroba de campos (Paratecoma peroba)	0.62	15400	1,67	10.1		8880		2130		1600
Peroba rosa(Aspidosperma spp., peroba group)	0,66	12100	1,53	9.2		7920		2490		1730
Pilon (Hyeronima spp.)	0.65	18200	2,27	12.1		9620		1720		1700
Pine Eastern white	0.35	8600	1,24	6.8	18	4800	440	900	310	380
Pine Jack	0.43	9900	1,35	8.3	27	5660	580	1170	420	570
Pine Loblolly	0.51	12800	1,79	10.4	30	7130	790	1390	470	690
Pine Lodgepole	0.41	9400	1,34	6.8	20	5370	610	880	290	480
Pine Longleaf	0.59	14500	1,98	11.8	34	8470	960	1510	470	870
Pine Pitch	0.52	10800	1,43	9.2	—	5940	820	1360	—	—
Pine Pond	0.56	11600	1,75	8.6	—	7540	910	1380	—	—
Pine Ponderosa	0.40	9400	1,29	7.1	19	5320	580	1130	420	460
Pine Red	0.46	11000	1,63	9.9	26	6070	600	1210	460	560
Pine Sand	0.48	11600	1,41	9.6	—	6920	836	1140	—	—
Pine Shortleaf	0.51	13100	1,75	11.0	33	7270	820	1390	470	690
Pine Slash	0.59	16300	1,98	13.2	—	8140	1020	1680	—	—
Pine Spruce	0.44	10400	1,23	—	—	5650	730	1490	—	660
Pine Sugar	0.36	8200	1,19	5.5	18	4460	500	1130	350	380
Pine Virginia	0.48	13000	1,52	13.7	32	6710	910	1350	380	740
Pine Western white	0.38	9700	1,46	8.8	23	5040	470	1040	—	420
Pine, Caribbean (Pinus caribaea)	—	16700	2,24	17.3		8540		2090		1240
Pine, ocote (Pinus oocarpa)	—	14900	2,25	10.9		7680		1720		910
Pine, radiata (Pinus radiata)	—	11700	1,48	—		6080		1600		750
Piquia (Caryocar spp.)	0.72	17000	2,16	15.8		8410		1990		1720
Primavera (Tabebuia donnell–smithii)	0.4	9500	1,04	6.4		5600		1390		660
Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)	0.67	19200	2,27	17.6		10320		2220		1860
Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus)	—	18500	2,17	17		10080		1520		1300
Redwood Old-growth	0.40	10000	1,34	6.9	19	6150	700	940	240	480
Redwood Young-growth	0.35	7900	1,1	5.2	15	5220	520	1110	250	420
Robe (Tabebuia spp.roble group)	0,52	13800	1,6	12.5		7340		1450		960
Rosewood, Brazilian (Dalbergia nigra)	—	19000	1,88	—		9600		2110		2720
Rosewood, Indian (Dalbergia latifolia)	0.75	16900	1,78	13.1		9220		2090		3170
Sande (Brosimum spp., utile group)	0.49	14300	2,39	—		8220		1290		900
Santa Maria (Calophyllum brasiliense)	—	14600	1,83	16.1		6910		2080		1150
Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)	—	15300	1,82	15.7		8160		2260		1510</